Rutherford b hayes when was he born

Tilden had won votes to Hayes' , with 20 votes unresolved. On January 26, , the United States Congress approved the Electoral Count Act, which established an electoral commission to determine how to tally the disputed electoral votes.

During his first year in office, Hayes ordered that federal troops be withdrawn from Louisiana and South Carolina, the final two former Confederate states subject to military occupation at the time Hayes assumed office. The withdrawal of federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina effectively ended the Reconstruction Era, which had commenced at the conclusion of the Civil War in In the summer of , a series of railroad worker strikes occurred, starting on July 17, , in Martinsburg, West Virginia.

The strikes spread throughout the Northeast and Midwest, impacting railroad operations in a number of states, including Illinois, Maryland, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Over , workers participated in these strikes, which constituted the largest labor disturbance in the nation up to that point.

Hayes ordered federal troops, under the command of General Winfield Scott Hancock, to break the strikes, protect federal property, and help reopen railways. This marked the first use of federal troops to suppress a strike against a private company. Hayes did not seek re-election to a second term in office. His presidency concluded on March 4, He was succeeded by James Garfield R.

In , he became the first president of the National Prison Reform Association. On January 17, , Hayes died of heart failure at his home in Fremont, Ohio, at the age of Hayes was married to Lucy Webb Hayes from until her death in Hayes defeated Samuel Tilden D in the presidential election, though Tilden won the popular vote.

Every year in office, the president of the United States addresses Congress on the present state of affairs and the administration's goals for the coming year. Below are transcripts of Hayes' State of the Union addresses: [11]. Ballotpedia features , encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error.

Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. Share this page Follow Ballotpedia. The independent eventually withdrew, and the Congress selected a Republican to replace him. The special committee voted to give Hayes all of the disputed Electoral College votes. House of Representatives and Senate still had to agree to the committee's decision.

The Republican-dominated Senate quickly ratified the committee's recommendations. The Democrats in the House planned to filibuster, refusing to let the issue come to a vote. To ensure Hayes's election, Republican leaders negotiated an agreement with Southern Democrats in the House. The Republicans agreed to remove federal troops policing the South as soon as Hayes became president and to appoint at least one Southerner to the Hayes cabinet.

Southern Democrats accepted this agreement and Hayes won all of the disputed Electoral votes. This agreement became known as the Compromise of and formally brought Reconstruction to an end. As president, Hayes helped begin a federal civil service system in the United States. His administration also worked to improve the nation's monetary system.

Hayes hoped to create more support for the Republican Party among white Southerners, but this goal was not fulfilled. Hayes's wife Lucy had her own goals. She refused to allow alcohol to be served in the White House and acquired the nickname "Lemonade Lucy. Hayes had promised from the beginning that he would not seek a second term as president.

He retired to his home in Fremont in Hayes continued to work for reform of public education and prisons, among a number of other interests. He died at his home, Spiegel Grove, on January 17, Both he and his wife are buried on the estate.

Today, the Rutherford B. Hayes Home and Presidential Center are open to the public and researchers. Toggle navigation. Rutherford B. From the sunny, agreeable, the kind, the generous, the gentle gentleman. Two charges pushed the Confederates back, but just as Hayes ordered a third charge, a musket ball fractured his left arm above the elbow, leaving a gaping hole. Hayes survived, thanks to the skill of his brother-in-law, Dr. Joseph Webb, his regimental surgeon.

Lucy subsequently nursed Hayes and other wounded soldiers where they convalesced at Middletown, Maryland. Hayes was promoted to colonel and, from to , regularly commanded a brigade; at times, he headed-up a division.

In and , Hayes's brigade conducted a series of dangerous, effective raids on rail lines and supply depots in Virginia. Hayes especially distinguished himself in the retreat after the defeat at Second Kernstown July 24, , and by leading the decisive charge through the mud of Rosebud Run at the victory of Opequon Creek September 19, At Cedar Creek October 19, , Hayes's division absorbed elements of a surprise Confederate attack, with Hayes injuring his ankle when his horse was shot out from under him.

He was then hit in the head by a spent ball that no doubt passed through someone else. His men assumed he had been killed, and his death was even reported in the press. For Lucy, these were agonizing times, with her writing at one point: "Could I only know that you will be returned to me! Cedar Creek was Hayes's last battle. He was later promoted to brigadier general, mustered out of the Army on June 8, , and breveted major general for "gallant and distinguished services.

As a citizen officer who helped make the Army of a free, democratic republic successful, he asserted with pride: "I was one of the good colonels in the great army.

House of Representatives and suggested he get a furlough to come home and campaign. Absorbed with the ferocious summer fighting, he refused, noting that "An officer fit for duty who at this crisis would abandon his post to electioneer for a seat in Congress ought to be scalped. You may feel perfectly sure I shall do no such thing. His term began on March 4, , but the first session of that Congress did not meet until December 4, In the meantime, General Robert E.

Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, ; five days later, President Lincoln was assassinated. With the war over, Hayes resigned from the Army in June, four years and a day after he took up arms.

Although being a congressman had its rewards, Hayes missed his family, as he had seen them only intermittently during four years of war. He attended Congress faithfully, spoke rarely, and supported Radical Reconstruction measures that Congressional Republicans favored to protect newly freed African Americans, measures such as the 14th and 15th Amendments.

He was reelected to the House in but resigned in to run for governor of Ohio. Hayes took the unpopular stand of supporting an amendment to the Ohio constitution giving voting rights to African Americans. While the Democrats appealed to racial prejudice, Hayes accused them of treason. The Democrats, however, won control of the Ohio state legislature, and the suffrage amendment was defeated. Nonetheless, the governor enjoyed life in Columbus, was reelected to a second term, and served from to His most important accomplishment was the ratification of the 15th Amendment, eliminating race as a qualification for voting.

He was also largely responsible for the establishment of what became The Ohio State University, for an Ohio Geological Survey, and for appointing nonpartisan boards to oversee state institutions.

Hayes supported Ulysses S. Grant for a second term in and, to strengthen the Republican ticket, ran for Congress. While Grant triumphed, Hayes lost. Retiring from politics, Hayes then moved to Fremont to help his Uncle Sardis, whose health was declining, manage his investments.

Sardis died in , leaving Hayes the bulk of his estate. The commission, which had a Republican majority, chose to award the disputed electoral votes to Hayes. Southern Democrats agreed to back the decision if the Republicans would recall the federal troops that were supporting Reconstruction.

Hayes was declared the winner on March 2, He took the presidential oath of office in a private ceremony at the White House the next day; a public inauguration followed on March 5. Northern Democrats who were unhappy with the outcome declared that Hayes had stolen the election. As president, Hayes ended Reconstruction within his first year in office by withdrawing federal troops from states still under occupation.

He made federal dollars available for infrastructure improvements in the South and appointed Southerners to influential posts in high-level government positions.

Hayes wrangled with U. In addition to party politics, Hayes experienced policy difficulties that arose outside Washington. Because of the economic downturn following the Civil War, Western and Southern states sought to strengthen the dollar.

Bland of Missouri and Representative William B. Allison of Iowa. The act allowed the federal government to resume minting silver coins, which had been halted five years earlier.

Hayes declined to run for the presidency a second time, and retired from politics after his term in the Oval Office ended in He was succeeded by James Garfield , who was assassinated just six months into his term.

After leaving the White House, Hayes and his wife Lucy returned to their estate, Spiegel Grove, in Fremont, Ohio, and the former president devoted himself to educational issues and prison reform, among other humanitarian causes. In addition to serving as a trustee of three universities—Ohio Wesleyan, Western Reserve and Ohio State—Hayes also became the first president of the board of the John F.

Slater Education Fund for Freedmen in Du Bois In , Hayes became the first president of the newly reorganized National Prison Reform Association. For nearly 10 years, he traveled around the country speaking on policy reform topics. In January , while on business in Cleveland, Hayes fell ill. The ex-president sent for his son Webb C. Hayes to escort him back home to Fremont, where he died of heart failure at age 70 on January 17, three-and-a-half years after the death of his wife.