When was hb 2281 passed

A bill that aims to ban ethnic studies in Arizona schools was signed into law Tuesday by Gov. The move comes less than 20 days after Brewer signed a controversial immigration bill that has caused widespread protests against the state.

HB bans schools from teaching classes that are designed for students of a particular ethnic group, promote resentment or advocate ethnic solidarity over treating pupils as individuals.

The bill also bans classes that promote the overthrow of the U. The bill was written to target the Chicano, or Mexican American, studies program in the Tucson school system, said state Supt.

Districts have the right to appeal the mandate, which goes into effect Dec. Tucson Unified School District officials say the Chicano studies classes benefit students and promote critical thinking. She has no intention of ending the program, which offers courses from elementary school through high school in topics such as literature, history and social justice, with an emphasis on Latino authors and history. Horne has been trying to end the program for years, saying it divides students by race and promotes resentment.

HB prohibits a school district or charter school from including courses or classes that either promote the overthrow of the United States government or promote resentment toward a race or class of people.

School district governing boards must approve the course of study, including the basic textbook for each approved course and all other units recommended for credit before implementing each course in both elementary and high schools. Pursuant to A. Current law requires the principal of each school to ensure that all rules pertaining to the discipline, suspension, and expulsion of pupils are communicated to students at the beginning of each school year. Huppenthal also endorsed then-state senate president Russell Pearce, who openly supported White supremacists , in a recall election.

District Court where a judge initially ruled it partially constitutional. He then moved into education consulting, where he works with school districts across the country to implement ethnic studies programs. Fight back! He gathered other Latinx activists to launch the Librotraficante Caravan —a tour of Southwestern cities to bring MAS -relevant and banned books back into Tucson. From its text : The legislature finds and declares that public school pupils should be taught to treat and value each other as individuals and not be taught to resent or hate other races or classes of people.

A school district or charter school in this state shall not include in its program of instruction any courses or classes that include any of the following: Promote the overthrow of the United States government. Promote resentment toward a race or class of people. Are designed primarily for pupils of a particular ethnic group. Advocate ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment of pupils as individuals.

Magazine article cites a TUSD study that indicated students in the MAS program performed and stayed in school at improved rates: MAS was founded with the aim of reversing some disturbing academic trends for Chicano students in Tucson. A study from Stanford University researchers echoes similar findings for an ethnic studies program implemented in San Francisco, assigned to ninth-grade students with low eighth-grade GPA s: Our results indicate that assignment to this course increased ninth-grade student attendance by 21 percentage points, GPA by 1.

Mexican American Studies.