What was introduced at the 1904 worlds fair

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The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that Violet E. Ingle and Alfred M. Landers, both from Worden, Illinois, were married on June 12, , on the highest platform of the tower by the Reverend Dr. Palmer, a pastor of Lafayette Presbyterian Church in St. The top of the foot tower was a popular attraction at the fair.

A view of fair visitors crowding the Pike on Pike Day, June 4, The Pike was the main thoroughfare of amusement concessions at the fair. Pike Day celebrations included the Parade of Nations, a lacrosse match between Native American teams, and a variety of performances put on by representatives of the Pike concessions. The "Creation" concession, photographed on the Pike at the St. Louis World's Fair. Inside "Creation," fairgoers traveled by boat through a labyrinth of underground passages to a roomy cavern, where they were "diverted by illusions in the form of living heads that have no bodies to support them.

Two model American warships and operators, photographed at the Naval Show at the Pike. The Temple of Mirth concession on the Pike provided fairgoers entertainment with distorting mirrors, a cave of winds, and other novelties.

Creatures walk around in enclosures at Hagenbeck's animal show on the Pike. The German animal trainer Carl Hagenbeck started his traveling animal shows in the s, with spectacles featuring people and animals from remote regions.

Hagenbeck's trained elephant "shooting the chutes" at the World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. A view of the fairgrounds, seen though the Ferris wheel from one of its cars.

The Miniature Railway concession, operated by the Cagney brothers, ran the full length of the Pike and took passengers to the Boer War concession, the Philippine exposition, and other places of interest. Huge mock-ups of mountains and hills surround the buildings of the Pike's Tyrolean Alps concession. She is posing in front of a reproduction of the Court of the Lions in the Alhambra.

Mysterious Asia was a representation of life in India, Burma, Persia, and Ceylon, and required a cent admission. Under and Over the Sea represented a trip to Paris in a submarine and a return in an airship, and required a cent admission. It is good for a brief introduction to the fair itself, but does not really discuss the political or social background at all. Howe, Jeffrey. Boston College, The Libraries, University at Buffalo, This site has stories, documents, images, and essays from and about various aspects of the Fair.

Making of America. Cornell University Library, MOA, and They have hundreds of thousands of articles and books from America between and MarcoPolo Internet Content for the Classroom. MarcoPolo, This site has a great deal of course content for teachers to use to teach their students.

Mires, Charles. Villanova University, and This site, set up by a material culture class at Villanova University, has a lot of background information about the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of National Center for History in the Schools.

University of California at Los Angeles, This site has standards and other materials for middle and high school teachers. Eras 6 and 7 in Part 2, Chapter 3 in the online standards section should prove particularly useful to teachers of the period in American History we are examining. Our Documents. National Archives and Records Administration. This site contains one hundred seminal documents in United States history, as well as teaching plans about how to design courses around them.

Rose, Julie. University of Virgina, An excellent site to help the reader gain a better understanding of various aspects of the Columbian Exposition. Snyder, Iris A. Iris Snyder, This site contains short descriptions of each fair we are studying.

These descriptions include descriptions of the actual fairs as well as a little bit about their context in American history. Teaching Books. This site contains many teaching guides and standards, especially for pre-high school students. This site has sections on many different topics at the fair, including buildings, exhibits, newspaper articles, maps, memorabilia, and more. Zwick, Jim ed. Jim Zwick, This is a very interesting site dealing with anti-imperialism in America.

This site has especially extensive discussions of all four fairs we are investigating. After American post-Civil War reconstruction ended in , racism pervaded the nation. In the south, blacks were disfranchised through laws that indirectly excluded them from voting, and Jim Crow laws enforced segregation throughout the region. The St. At all the fairs, blacks were blatantly discriminated against. The main question among the black community was whether to follow the lead of Booker T.

Washington and gain equality by accommodating segregation and disfranchisement by showing that blacks could provide value to society, or to follow W. Du Bois and fight directly against discrimination. If students can understand the obstacles blacks and other races faced at the fairs, they can begin to comprehend why the civil rights movement began and what it tried to reform. Books and Articles Dyreson, Mark. In addition to describing how the Fair brought about the feeling that athletics can make a real difference and impact society, this article describes how spectators saw the games.

This added to racial theories of the day. Magnaghi, Russell M. This article shows how even the Indian exhibit in St. Louis, which showed the Indians as relatively bright and civilized, became part of the racist, imperialist propaganda. The exhibit came to show not the competency of Indians, but the miracles Western Civilization can work on even the most primitive of peoples.

Paddon, Anna R. This piece argues that the experience African Americans had at the Chicago Fair was not quite as negative as most others suggest. Rydell, Robert W. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, It describes how the fairs used many different exhibits as imperialistic propaganda. Websites The Afro-American Almanac. The Digital Development Group, This is an extensive collection of documents and essays relating to blacks and race relations in the United States.

It has an interesting essay about the prevalence of Jim Crow laws during the period of the fairs. It also has separate sections devoted to race relations at the Chicago and St.

Louis County location and brought to the fairgrounds. Day One 1. Gateway Arch 1. Forest Park 2. Saint Louis Art Museum 2. Saint Louis Zoo 3 hours. World's Fair Pavilion 0. Forest Park Boathouse 1.

Missouri History Museum 2 hours. Francis Field at Washington University 1. Louis Union Station 1. Day Two 1. Central Library — St. Louis Public Library 1 hour.