What is the significance of meiosis to genetics




















Fourth, that it helps maintain the immortality of the germ line, possible by a process of rejuvenation involving the removal of faulty RNA and protein molecules, or by the elimination of defective meiocytes. A unified hypothesis is proposed which attempts to link these diverse functions. Evidence is now available which strongly indicates that the control of gene activity in higher organisms depends in part on the pattern of cytosine methylation in DNA, and that this pattern is inherited through the activity of a maintenance methylase.

Epigenetic defects may arise by the loss of methyl groups which the methylase is unable to replace in somatic and also germ line cells, if de novo methylation cannot occur. There is also evidence that recombination at meiosis is largely confined to structural genes or adjacent DNA. ZmRAD51C is essential for double-strand break repair and homologous recombination in maize meiosis.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 , Theoretical and Applied Genetics 82 , — Drosophila PCH2 is required for a pachytene checkpoint that monitors double-strand-break-independent events leading to meiotic crossover formation. Genetics , 39 — Kelliher T , Walbot V. Hypoxia triggers meiotic fate acquisition in maize. A male-expressed rice embryogenic trigger redirected for asexual propagation through seeds. Nature , 91 — High-resolution crossover mapping reveals similarities and differences of male and female recombination in maize.

Nature Communications 9 , Kleckner N. Journal of Experimental Botany 63 , — Lam I , Keeney S. Mechanism and regulation of meiotic recombination initiation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 7 , a ASY1 acts as a dosage-dependent antagonist of telomere-led recombination and mediates crossover interference in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis PCH2 mediates meiotic chromosome remodeling and maturation of crossovers.

The mismatch repair protein MLH1 marks a subset of strongly interfering crossovers in tomato. HEIP1 regulates crossover formation during meiosis in rice. Liu H , Nonomura KI. A wide reprogramming of histone H3 modifications during male meiosis I in rice is dependent on the Argonaute protein MEL1.

Mapping PrBn and other quantitative trait loci responsible for the control of homeologous chromosome pairing in oilseed rape Brassica napus L. Plasticity of meiotic recombination rates in response to temperature in Arabidopsis. Single gametophyte sequencing reveals that crossover events differ between sexes in maize. Ten years of gene discovery for meiotic event control in rice.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 41 , — The role of OsMSH5 in crossover formation during rice meiosis. Molecular Plant 6 , — ZMM proteins during meiosis: crossover artists at work. Chromosome Research 15 , — Male reproductive development: gene expression profiling of maize anther and pollen ontogeny. Genome Biology 9 , R Plant Biotechnology Journal , doi: Meiotic crossovers are associated with open chromatin and enriched with Stowaway transposons in potato.

Genome Biology 18 , Historical meiotic crossover hotspots fueled patterns of evolutionary divergence in rice. The Plant Cell 31 , — Marston AL , Amon A. Meiosis: cell-cycle controls shuffle and deal. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 5 , — Crossover homeostasis in yeast meiosis. Cell , — Production of viable male unreduced gametes in Brassica interspecific hybrids is genotype specific and stimulated by cold temperatures. BMC Plant Biology 11 , The meiotic protein SWI1 is required for axial element formation and recombination initiation in Arabidopsis.

Development , — The molecular biology of meiosis in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 66 , — Where to cross? New insights into the location of meiotic crossovers. Trends in Genetics 31 , — The Plant Cell 25 , — Unleashing meiotic crossovers in crops. Nature Plants 4 , — Turning rice meiosis into mitosis. Cell Research 26 , — The evolutionary consequences of transposon-related pericentromer expansion in melon.

Genome Biology and Evolution 10 , — Nelms B , Walbot V. Defining the developmental program leading to meiosis in maize. Science , 52 — The Plant Cell 16 , — The Plant Cell 28 , 74 — A hierarchical combination of factors shapes the genome-wide topography of yeast meiotic recombination initiation. Altered nuclear distribution of recombination protein RAD51 in maize mutants suggests the involvement of RAD51 in meiotic homology recognition. The Plant Cell 15 , — Coordination of meiotic recombination, pairing, and synapsis by PHS1.

Science , 89 — Amplifying recombination genome-wide and reshaping crossover landscapes in Brassicas. PLoS Genetics 13 , e Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 24 , — The effect of temperature on the male and female recombination landscape of barley. The Plant Journal 69 , — Live cell imaging of meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis. OsSPL regulates meiotic fate acquisition in rice. Exploiting the ZIP4 homologue within the wheat Ph1 locus has identified two lines exhibiting homoeologous crossover in wheat-wild relative hybrids. Molecular Breeding 37 , Meiotic recombination profiling of interspecific hybrid F1 tomato pollen by linked read sequencing.

The Plant Journal , — PHS1 regulates meiotic recombination and homologous chromosome pairing by controlling the transport of RAD50 to the nucleus. An ultra high-density Arabidopsis thaliana crossover map that refines the influences of structural variation and epigenetic features. Rapid and inexpensive whole-genome genotyping-by-sequencing for crossover localization and fine-scale genetic mapping.

Meiotic chromosome synapsis and recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana : new ways of integrating cytological and molecular approaches. Chromosome Research 22 , — The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics.

Nucleic Acids Research 42 , — Ph2 encodes the mismatch repair protein MSHD that inhibits wheat homoeologous recombination. Nature Communications 12 , OsREC8 is essential for chromatid cohesion and metaphase I monopolar orientation in rice meiosis. Widespread gene conversion in centromere cores. PLoS Biology 8 , e Widely distributed hot and cold spots in meiotic recombination as shown by the sequencing of rice F 2 plants. Recombination patterns in maize reveal limits to crossover homeostasis.

The Plant Journal 48 , — Linked-read sequencing of gametes allows efficient genome-wide analysis of meiotic recombination. Scientific Reports 7 , A pathway for synapsis initiation during zygotene in Drosophila oocytes. Current Biology 21 , — Underwood CJ , Choi K.

Heterogeneous transposable elements as silencers, enhancers and targets of meiotic recombination. Clonal seeds from hybrid rice by simultaneous genome engineering of meiosis and fertilization genes. Nature Biotechnology 37 , — OsDMC1 is not required for homologous pairing in rice meiosis. MER3 is required for normal meiotic crossover formation, but not for presynaptic alignment in rice. The role of rice HEI10 in the formation of meiotic crossovers.

PLOS Genetics 8 , e PAIR3, an axis-associated protein, is essential for the recruitment of recombination elements onto meiotic chromosomes in rice. Molecular Biology of the Cell 22 , 12 — BRK1, a Bub1-related kinase, is essential for generating proper tension between homologous kinetochores at metaphase I of rice meiosis. OsSGO1 maintains synaptonemal complex stabilization in addition to protecting centromeric cohesion during rice meiosis.

The Plant Journal 67 , — The central element protein ZEP1 of the synaptonemal complex regulates the number of crossovers during meiosis in rice. Wang Y , Copenhaver GP. Meiotic recombination: mixing it up in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 69 , — ZmCom1 is required for both mitotic and meiotic recombination in maize.

Watanabe Y. Shugoshin: guardian spirit at the centromere. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 17 , — The Plant Journal , doi: The genomic landscape of meiotic crossovers and gene conversions in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Reverse breeding in Arabidopsis thaliana generates homozygous parental lines from a heterozygous plant. Nature Genetics 44 , — Maize centromere structure and evolution: sequence analysis of centromeres 2 and 5 reveals dynamic loci shaped primarily by retrotransposons. Frontiers in Plant Science 6 , MS5 mediates early meiotic progression and its natural variants may have applications for hybrid production in Brassica napus.

The Plant Cell 28 , — The number of meiotic double-strand breaks influences crossover distribution in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 30 , — The choice in meiosis — defining the factors that influence crossover or non-crossover formation. Mutation of the rice gene PAIR3 results in lack of bivalent formation in meiosis. The Plant Journal 59 , — Chromosome-level assembly of Arabidopsis thaliana Ler reveals the extent of translocation and inversion polymorphisms. Zhang H , Dawe RK. Total centromere size and genome size are strongly correlated in ten grass species.

Chromosome Research 20 , — Journal of Experimental Botany 68 , — Natural variation and dosage of the HEI10 meiotic E3 ligase control Arabidopsis crossover recombination. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.

Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Meiotic entry: the transition to sporogenesis. Recombination initiation: meiotic DNA double strand break formation and strand invasion. Chromosome synapsis: the formation of the synaptonemal complex. Resolution of recombination intermediates: to crossover or not to crossover?

Genomic analysis of crossover distribution. Maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion and the second meiotic division: the emergence of haploid gametes. Author contributions. Meiosis in crops: from genes to genomes. Yazhong Wang , Yazhong Wang. Oxford Academic. Willem M J van Rengs. Mohd Waznul Adly Mohd Zaidan.

Charles J Underwood. Correspondence: cunderwood mpipz. These authors contributed equally to this article. Editorial decision:. Corrected and typeset:. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Meiosis is a key feature of sexual reproduction.

Crops , crossover , maize , meiosis , plant breeding , plant genomics , recombination , rice , tomato , wheat. Table 1. Cloned meiotic mutants characterized in crop species. Meiotic pathway. Gene name. Arabidopsis gene ID. Open in new tab. Open in new tab Download slide. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Series B, Biological Sciences. Google Scholar PubMed. De Muyt. Rommel Fuentes. Issue Section:. Editor: Donald Ort Donald Ort.

University of Illinois. Download all slides. During fertilisation, 1 gamete from each parent combines to form a zygote. Because of recombination and independent assortment in meiosis, each gamete contains a different set of DNA. This produces a unique combination of genes in the resulting zygote. Recombination or crossing over occurs during prophase I. Homologous chromosomes — 1 inherited from each parent — pair along their lengths, gene by gene.

Breaks occur along the chromosomes, and they rejoin, trading some of their genes. The chromosomes now have genes in a unique combination. Independent assortment is the process where the chromosomes move randomly to separate poles during meiosis. A gamete will end up with 23 chromosomes after meiosis, but independent assortment means that each gamete will have 1 of many different combinations of chromosomes.

This reshuffling of genes into unique combinations increases the genetic variation in a population and explains the variation we see between siblings with the same parents. Visit the Learn Genetics website to go on an animated tour of the basics. Add to collection. Useful link Visit the Learn Genetics website to go on an animated tour of the basics.

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